J81 - Labor Standards: Working ConditionsReturn

This study investigates the obstacles faced by female employees working in male-dominated sectors in Turkey, along with the underlying reasons and consequences of these obstacles. To achieve this aim, a qualitative research design was adopted, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 blue- and white-collar female employees from various sectors, including defense, engineering, administration, justice, labor, finance, and technical services. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling method to ensure diversity across occupations and organizational contexts. Thematic content analysis was applied to the interview data using the MAXQDA software. The findings reveal that women working in male-dominated sectors experience a variety of challenges, such as discrimination, limited career advancement, physical difficulties, lack of family support, and social stereotyping. Moreover, the study identifies both individual and organizational factors that influence women’s willingness to remain or change professions. Positive and negative approaches toward female employees, as well as practical suggestions to reduce gender-based discrimination, are also presented. The results emphasize the importance of organizational and societal awareness regarding gender inequality in Turkey’s labor market. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers and sector representatives to develop gender-inclusive strategies that prevent sexism in the workplace and promote sustainable sectoral improvement.

Benefits are a specific form of remuneration, which is quite inconsistent in the way of its efficiency, different forms, and in the way of providing and receiving. Anyway, non-standard and specific forms of remuneration have significant impact on subjective employee's evaluation of an organisation. The survey in the area of benefits and their impact on work satisfaction and organisational efficiency provides partial shift to the effective use of benefits. The aim of the paper is firstly to define relations between employee satisfaction and benefits and secondly to describe impact of benefits on performance and thus efficiency of an organisation. The outcomes prove relation between employee satisfaction and benefits and also, on the other hand, dissatisfaction leading to fluctuation. The impact of benefits was found as significant. Benefits have impact on many other human resource management practices. The results show that benefits are provided according to preferences of the majority of employees. Providing of benefits does not take into account talents, key workers and knowledge employees. Moreover, if benefits are not suitable, it causes more destructively than if there were none.