J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor DiscriminationReturn

This study investigates the obstacles faced by female employees working in male-dominated sectors in Turkey, along with the underlying reasons and consequences of these obstacles. To achieve this aim, a qualitative research design was adopted, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 blue- and white-collar female employees from various sectors, including defense, engineering, administration, justice, labor, finance, and technical services. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling method to ensure diversity across occupations and organizational contexts. Thematic content analysis was applied to the interview data using the MAXQDA software. The findings reveal that women working in male-dominated sectors experience a variety of challenges, such as discrimination, limited career advancement, physical difficulties, lack of family support, and social stereotyping. Moreover, the study identifies both individual and organizational factors that influence women’s willingness to remain or change professions. Positive and negative approaches toward female employees, as well as practical suggestions to reduce gender-based discrimination, are also presented. The results emphasize the importance of organizational and societal awareness regarding gender inequality in Turkey’s labor market. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers and sector representatives to develop gender-inclusive strategies that prevent sexism in the workplace and promote sustainable sectoral improvement.

Relatively higher unemployment rate in compare with other European countries is a persisting problem of Slovak republic, and distribution of unemployment is significantly differentiated in space. This paper aims to research on selected aspects of regional differences in unemployment in Slovakia, such as gender, age and education level, and to link local unemployment rates to wage levels. Analysis is used as a key method, focusing on statistical data of 2015 registered unemployment from the Central Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family. Among the key findings, our research confirms growing rates of unemployment on axis west-east in general, with higher internal differences in regions with higher rates. While gender differences are not significant, education shows as an important factor for labour market position, and we confirm high youth unemployment rate in some regions. In the last part of the paper, we relate local unemployment rates with wage levels to show the impact of unemployment on income level.

In the Czech Republic, finding regions whose demographics were quite negatively affected by the intense socio-economic change, which went through the whole Czech Republic during the 90th the last century. These administrative units include the Moravian-Silesian region, the demographic development is characterized by long-term population decline. Although the causes of population decline was found in both natural increase and net migration in the area, as more serious problem appears to us a negative migration balance, as in this case, the long-term development in the region, contrary to developments in other regions of the Czech Republic.