E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor ProductivityReturn

Tourism is based primarily on tourist flows. The current Covid-19 pandemic, which brings isolation and closure of regions, is an obstacle to its development. According to the professional public, the most affected sector is tourism. The decline in tourism represents a loss for companies, state budget revenues, and an employment decline. Governments' efforts to eliminate redundancies through various support packages have not stopped the increase in redundancies. A more extended period of restraint leads to a rise in unemployment; if the economy does not relax, unemployment growth in the tourism sector can be expected to accelerate.

Recent times have shown that we need to address issues such as electronic communication related to home office and telecommuting. In many places, the physical workplace has been transformed into a back office-type organizational unit. Exchange of information between an employee working in a home office or teleworking and the back office. In our study below, we examined how the exchange of information between the individual units can be implemented in Hungary and Poland. In this study, we examine the legal and economic framework. We examined the relationship between digitization and SMEs through job advertisements and a questionnaire survey. The focus of our study was on accounting and decision support tasks. Our research question: What are the expectations of SMEs nowadays for accounting and decision support tasks and jobs? What are the labour law implications and consequences of these expectations?

The article focuses on the issue of education relating to employability of young people in the labor market, particularly in the Slovak Republic. It aims to analyze the current position of young people in the Slovak labor market using the method of comparison of unemployment rate with other countries of the European Union. In Slovakia , the situation of young people in the labor market is developing with negative trend , thus resulting in their prolonged high unemployment and the long duration of the transition from education to the labor market . The school system should be flexible and should also provide young people with some security. The paper sets out the main areas in improving formal education, based on the proposals for action of the European Commission. From the recommendations /May 2013/ for the Slovak Republic result the following proposals: to deal with the unfavorable situation of young through guarantees for young people, to take action to improve learning outcomes, to strengthen the provision of practical training directly in companies in vocational education and training, to support the effective transfer of knowledge by encouraging cooperation between universities , research community and the business sector.

Demographic development of the world population suggests the continual shift toward the population ageing. This effect may be clearly seen in developed countries of the European Union. The aim of the article is to analyze basic demographic and economic characteristics of the European Union as a whole and also of individual member states. We try to find similar and different characteristics of groups of member countries based on cluster analysis and basic demographic and economic indicators. We come to conclusion that old member states (those that accessed the EU before 2004) and new member states (those that accessed the EU after 2004) show different development of basic demographic indicators which suggests that convergence between these two groups is not likely to happen in the near future.

The article deals on unemployment in the context of social, tax and evacuating. Unemployment is a global economic, social and psychological problem, whose growth is closely linked with the economic crisis. Approach to solving unemployment is different between countries. In the Czech Republic, moreover, due to the relative generosity of the welfare system pushes the unwillingness of some of the unemployed to work. Aim of this article is to design economic incentives to motivate the unemployed to employment or operation of self-employment, such as cutting and editing insurance and social change in the tax on personal income by introducing a tax bonus for the taxpayer.

A brief look in the history shows that there were many different concepts for monetary policy making that have got asserted in the past. Among the features that distinguished one from another were mainly the settings of the main target of the monetary policy and the selection of instruments for their fulfilment. Different approaches of the central banks to the definition of the main target or the anchor of the monetary policy were applied. In the post-war decades, the most common approach used was making the monetary policy not public and application of the fixed exchange rate. In the following decades it was at first targeting of monetary aggregates that got well established, later followed by targeting of inflation. The main goal of this article is to analyze the role and function of monetary policy in smoothing of the economic cycle. Among the partial targets of the article is assessment of strong and weak points of alternative monetary policy concepts and reasoning of the possible changes in monetary policy settings in the following era.

The main aim of this article is to reveal the short and long run relation between real wages and unemployment rates on data from the Czech Republic 1998-2010. Results support the existence of negative long-run relationship between the two variables.

The article deals with using flexible forms of employment which, under certain circumstances have a positive impact on the labour market. In European Union countries, this form of employment in comparison with the labour market in the Czech Republic is much more often used. The data are compared on the status of employed part-time jobs persons in the European Union and the Czech Republic with regard to the level of unemployment in each country. Flexibility is reflected in the labour market and has a positive or negative way, especially underemployment and marginalization of certain population groups. Decisions of the unemployed about the possibility to work on part time I have checked by the research, the conclusions of that are published in the article. The last chapter deals with the article, using flexible forms of employment in labour market conditions in the Czech Republic.

The article shows the situation of unemployment in EU mainly the situation of unemployment in the most affected countries. The Netherlands belongs to the countries with the lowest unemployment rate. The author describes distinctiveness of Dutch labour market and also tries to find the size of influence of GDP to unemployment.

The paper deals with the issue of unemployment during the financial crisis. In addition to compare the number of unemployed people from the financial meltdown and its course, I also discussed the lack of jobs and employee morale. Important characteristic of human morality is willingness to work and loyalty. This is an important role in unemployment. Also the viability of enterprises depends on willingness to work and loyalty.